Organizational Improvisation and Organizational Memory
定义组织即兴为行动构思与执行在时间上的融合程度，探讨其对组织结果的影响，并分析组织程序记忆与陈述记忆如何调节这一影响，以及即兴如何通过实验和提升即兴能力来影响组织记忆。
We define organizational improvisation as the degree to which the composition and execution of an action converge in time, and we examine the theoretical potential of this definition. We then propose that both organizational procedural memory (skill knowledge) and declarative memory (fact knowledge) moderate improvisation's impact on organizational outcomes in distinct ways. We also suggest that improvisation influences organizational memory by (1) generating experiments and (2) permitting the development of higher-level competency in improvisation. Contemporary technological changes related to the nature of organizational memory intensify the salience of these issues.