Spatial agglomeration of multinational enterprises: the role of information externalities and knowledge spillovers
研究了跨国企业（MNEs）在意大利686个区域的空间分布，发现其选址受信息外部性（导致模仿和区位级联）和潜在知识溢出（既可能吸引也可能排斥，取决于本地企业性质）的影响。
This study suggests a model for the agglomerative behavior of multinational enterprises (MNEs) with local competitors. Relying on MNEs’ spatial distribution across 686 Italian \nterritorial units, we find that MNEs’ location behavior is influenced by (i) information externalities, giving rise to locational cascades and the imitation of other MNEs \nand (ii) potential knowledge spillovers, which might act as both a centrifugal and a centripetal force, depending on the nature of local counterparts. Specifically, MNEs tend not to agglomerate with domestic companies, as they perceive potential knowledge inflows to be lower than potential leakages, unless domestic companies enjoy some comparative advantages. Conversely, MNEs are willing to agglomerate with \nother MNEs, as they bet on a positive balance between knowledge inflows and outflows.