Public Grazing in the West and “Rangeland Reform '94”
分析美国西部各州私人放牧费用的差异，发现其符合竞争性空间市场规律；联邦统一提高放牧费会导致各州和个体牧场主的经济影响差异巨大，并提出将公共放牧权永久转移给私人部门。
Abstract Private grazing fees differ substantially and systematically across states in the West. In contrast, federal policy establishes the same grazing fee on federal lands, regardless of location. We analyze locational differences in private grazing fees with an econometric model. Differences in private grazing fees across states can be explained largely by economic forces consistent with a competitive spatial market. A uniform increase in the federal grazing fee will lead to a large variation in economic effects between states and across individual public lands ranchers. We propose the permanent transfer of public grazing rights to the private sector.