A Reconsideration of Self- and Organization-Referent Attitudes as "Causes" of the Glass Ceiling Effect
研究比较了性别与职位特征对683名社会服务机构员工自我与组织参照态度的影响，发现职位特征比性别更能解释态度差异，挑战了玻璃天花板效应的常见归因。
This article examines potential sex differences in self- and organization-referent attitudes and compares sex versus occupancy of a supervisory position and position in the organizational hierarchy as predictors of self- and organization-referent attitudes for 683 employees of a social service agency. In contrast to beliefs often expressed in the popular media, the results confirm the researchers' expectation that women's self- and organization-referent attitudes will not necessarily be lower than men's in conditions where accurate and realistic feedback about performance is available. Furthermore, the results suggest that position characteristics may help explain potential differences in self- and organization-referent attitudes that have frequently been attributed to sex or gender by previous theorists. Implications for changing the sex segregation patterns of organizations are discussed.