A CULTURAL THEORY OF INFORMATION BIAS IN ORGANIZATIONS
基于组织本质上的文化多元性，提出信息拒绝的四种风格（风险吸收、网络化、范式保护、驱逐），并关联不同组织文化类型（市场、层级、宗派）和领导风格。
ABSTRACT Organizations show an essential cultural pluralism. Taking this into account, we aim at developing a cultural theory of organizations. A central role in this theory is played by information rejection, which can follow any of four different styles: risk absorption, networking, paradigm protection, or expulsion. These can be related to different types of organizational cultures, in particular to markets, hierarchies, and sects. Different kinds of information bias institutionalize different kinds of leadership.