Using human resource management to enhance competitiveness: Lessons from four excellent companies
通过对四家成功企业的深度研究，发现人力资源管理政策与实践若由企业战略和关键环境因素驱动，能有效提升竞争力，并提出了权变框架指导如何实施人力资源管理实践以获得竞争优势。
Abstract Recent research has emphasized the strategic focus that human resource management must have in order for an organization to fully utilize its human resources in a competitive market. However, few empirical studies have been done to date regarding how human resource planning should be linked to strategy. An extensive in‐depth study of four large, complex, and very successful companies supports the widespread belief that human resource management can be a powerful tool to enhance competitiveness when policies and practices are logically driven by a firm's strategy and by the key environmental factors it faces. This article describes that study and looks at how the areas of selection, appraisal, reward, and development are handled by these firms. Based on both the specific policies and the actual practices as perceived by middle managers (those that implement the policies), the article presents a contingency framework which offers guidelines as to how certain HRM practices should be implemented to gain competitive advantage.