The effects of psychological contract breach and organizational cynicism: not all social exchange violations are created equal
研究区分了心理契约违背和组织犬儒主义两种社会交换违规，发现犬儒主义部分中介了心理契约违背对工作态度的影响，但只有心理契约违背能预测员工绩效和缺勤等行为反应。
Abstract This research explored the differential effects on employees of two types of social exchange violations: those that generate perceptions of psychological contract breach and of organizational cynicism. We predicted that psychological contract breach and cynicism would result in differential outcomes because of differences in the person specificity of their underlying social exchange relationships. Using a sample of bank employees, we found that cynicism partially mediated the effects of psychological contract breach on work‐related attitudes (organizational commitment, job satisfaction), but that only psychological contract breach (not cynicism) predicted employees' behavioral responses (performance, absenteeism). Further, affective cynicism fully mediated the relationship between psychological contract breach and emotional exhaustion, suggesting that cynical attitudes have negative consequences for the attitude holder. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.