Agricultural protection in Sweden 1970–1980
估算了1970-80年间瑞典农业保护的水平与趋势，发现从价关税等值从70%升至80%，乳制品和牛肉保护尤其高，并比较了名义和有效保护率与欧盟的差异。
The purpose of this paper is to present estimates of the level and trends of agricultural protection in Sweden during the years 1970–80. Protection increased from 70% ad valorem tariff equivalent during 1970–72 to 80% during 1976–80. Dairy products and beef were particularly highly protected. Protection could not be measured by variable levies only. Price subsidies and the negotiating element in decisions on levies made direct price comparisons necessary. Approximate effective rates of protection were also estimated. Both nominal and effective rates were found to be lower than in the EC. Finally, the national defense argument about self-sufficiency in food supply was compared with present levels of production and the total cost of surplus production was estimated.