Peeking Backward: Regional Aspects of Industrial Growth in Post-Unification Italy
利用人口普查劳动力数据，将1871-1911年意大利工业产值分配到各地区，发现“工业三角”从传统剩余循环经济中崛起，且地区工业结构相似，比较优势呈普遍工业性而非行业特定性。
The new sectoral estimates of industrial production in 1871, 1881, 1901, and 1911 are regionally allocated using census labor-force data. The regional aggregates suggest that the “industrial triangle” emerged over these decades out of a traditional surplus-recycling economy. The concomitant change in the industrial rankings argues against attributing the regions' different paths to their different initial conditions; surprisingly, too, overall growth does not seem closely tied to industrial development. The disaggregated estimates suggest in turn that the industrial structure of the various regions remained relatively similar, as if comparative advantages were generically industrial rather than sector-specific.