Dual Sourcing in Repeated Procurement Competitions
分析重复采购中双源采购策略的效果，发现存在生产学习和进入成本时，双源采购在某些情况下能降低总预期成本，且当买方无法承诺长期合同或供应商无法竞价时，双源采购的激励更强。
The issue of maintaining competition over time in a repeated procurement setting is important for both government and private sector buyers. The U.S. Department of Defense has experimented with splitting production quantities between two or more contractors in an effort to make government business more attractive for the private sector. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of this strategy. We find that in a two-period model with production learning and entry costs, dual sourcing, even for the specific mechanism we consider, in some cases, reduces overall expected cost. Moreover, if buyers are unable to commit to long-term contracts or suppliers are unable to bid away anticipated gains, the incentives to dual source are often stronger.