Competition and the Core
用核心理论分析竞争性市场出清价格的存在条件，当市场无核心时，通过设定非参与企业的支付上限来恢复核心，促使企业进入中心市场交易。
Core theory is a powerful tool to find competitive market-clearing prices. A familiar economic setting shows this, beginning with a single commodity produced using many factors of production and ending with the general case of many outputs and inputs. The analysis describes when the market has a core. When it has no core, there is a least upper bound on the payment each firm that does not participate in a central market must make that serves as an inducement to restore the core. Each firm can avoid this penalty by trading in the central market, resulting in market-clearing prices. Copyright 1996 by University of Chicago Press.