Why Farmers Quit: A County‐Level Analysis
分析1987至1997年间美国农民退出农业的影响因素，重点考察非农就业和联邦农业补贴的作用，发现传统回归显示非农就业无显著影响，但细分县区后效应更复杂。
Abstract We identify the effects of alternative explanatory variables on the propensity of U.S. farmers to cease farming, with a particular emphasis on understanding the roles of off‐farm employment and federal farm program payments. Conventional ordinary least squares analysis using all counties suggests that off‐farm employment has no statistical effect on the (net) number of farmers quitting between 1987 and 1997, ceteris paribus . A more refined analysis, which separates counties losing farmers from those that gained farmers, reveals subtle and less clear‐cut effects of off‐farm employment (and federal program payments) on farm exits.