Indicative planning in developing countries
回顾了二战后发展中国家广泛采用指示性规划但效果不佳的历史，指出其失败源于忽视激励和市场作用，并讨论了政府应转向提供基础设施而非直接干预。
While indicative planning was widely practiced in developing countries during the postwar period, it failed to have favorable economic effects while utilizing scarce administrative resources. The lack of success of planning, together with the growing understanding of the importance of incentives and markets, has contributed to the decline of planning in the 1980s. Also, efforts have been made to limit the scope of public enterprises and to reduce the size of governments. However, governments have an important role to play in providing infrastructure to the private sector. Balassa, Bela-Indicative Planning in Developing Countries