Looking at the Cost Side of “Monopoly”
研究了寡头市场中的福利损失，发现除了传统的无谓损失三角形外，还有因企业未采用最低成本技术导致的成本面效率损失，并以纸浆/造纸和水泥行业为例进行了实证测算。
Welfare loss under oligopoly is defined as that part of consumer surplus which is lost and not regained by higher profits. In a model with asymmetric firms, this implies that the total welfare loss consists of the deadweight loss triangle plus a cost side inefficiency effect, due to the fact that in imperfect markets not all firms utilize the lowest cost technique. Using a flexible CV‐model we calculate these effects empirically for two relatively homogeneous industries (pulp/paper and cement). The deadweight loss triangles are shown to be smaller than the cost difference effect (“the staircase”) for these industries.