Smith and Newton: some methodological issues concerning general economic equilibrium theory
论证了将斯密视为牛顿主义者的普遍看法是站不住脚的，指出斯密和牛顿都不符合新古典经济学所模仿的原子论-机械论世界观或公理演绎方法论，并认为斯密与批判实在论存在联系，从而否定了斯密作为一般经济均衡理论先驱的观点。
This paper argues that the generally shared interpretation of what can be labelled 'Smithian Newtonianism' is spurious on two counts. I suggest not only that Smith was not a Newtonian in the sense that this is commonly understood, but also that Newton was not 'Newtonian' either. Specifically, it is argued that neither did Smith have an atomistic-mechanistic conception of the world like that of neoclassical and modern mainstream economics, and nor did Newton simply conform to the axiomatic-deductive methodology emulated by economic theory. In particular, Walras's explicit idealism as the architect of general equilibrium theory is contrasted with Smith's evident realism. The latter allows a possible connection between Smith's broader project and critical realism. It is concluded that the popular view of Smith as a forerunner or founder of general economic equilibrium theory must be laid to rest. Copyright 2003, Oxford University Press.