Education, Experience, and Allocative Efficiency: A Dual Approach
扩展了对偶非前沿利润函数方法，将人力资本变量纳入效率分析。以宾夕法尼亚州奶牛场为例，发现教育与经验相互替代且显著影响效率水平；在给定教育经验水平下，六种投入组合中有四种可实现相对效率，且农户更追求产量最大化而非短期利润。
Abstract A generalization of the dual, non‐frontier profit function approach to evaluating allocative efficiency is developed that allows for training (human capital) variables to influence the efficiency level directly. An application to Pennsylvania dairy indicates that education and experience are substitutes and play a significant role in the level of efficiency. While these operators are not allocating their variable inputs in an absolutely efficient manner, relative efficiency can be achieved for four of six possible input combinations for prescribed levels of education and experience. Furthermore, the estimates of the efficiency measures suggest that these operators are maximizing production rather than short‐run profits.