Title Assurance and Settlement Charges
研究了房地产交易中产权保险的定价问题，指出消费者无知和按售价定价可能导致服务费用长期高于竞争水平，对购房者、贷款机构和监管者有参考价值。
The assurance that a seller of real estate has the right to transfer property free and clear of any encumbrances is important to potential purchasers and lenders. In the vast majority of cases in which real property is transferred, title insurance is used for this purpose. Consumer ignorance, coupled with a price structure based on the sales price of the property being insured, has led to an industry in which it is theoretically possible for the total charges by the primary supplier of the services to be indefinitely above a competitive level.