Are Preferential Trading Arrangements Trade-Liberalizing or Protectionist?
回顾了优惠贸易安排对成员国及被排除国家福利、以及多边贸易体系自由化进程的影响，指出理论上各种结果皆有可能，且目前经验证据不足以得出结论。
Preferential trade arrangements, and especially free trade agreements, have mushroomed in importance in the 1990s. This has revived research on the effects of these arrangements, both on the welfare of the member countries and those excluded, and on the momentum for further liberalization of the open multilateral trading system. This paper reviews the analyses and evidence to date as to these effects, showing that analytically anything can happen and that, to date, there has been insufficient experience to draw conclusions from empirical evidence.