Four Faces of the Fully Functioning Middle Manager
中层管理者面临来自上级、下级、同级和外部群体的矛盾期望，本文分析了这四种情境下的不同面孔要求，并提供了实用的应对策略。
Middle management is beset by conflicting expectations and frustrating demands. Managers in middle ranks must simultaneously present the proper face upward to their superiors, downward to their employees, laterally to their peers, and outward to outside groups. Each profile of conflicting demand, along with its accompanying face, is examined in this article, and strategies which have proven helpful to middle managers attempting to maintain four faces are presented.