The Decline in Southern Agricultural Output, 1860–1880
研究了1860至1880年间美国南方各州人均农业产出下降的原因，认为内战期间恶劣生活条件导致的钩虫感染增加是部分原因，并利用骨骼遗骸、死亡率数据和回归分析支持这一假说。
Per capita agricultural output sharply declined in the “Confederate States” between 1860 and 1880. This article asserts that the decline in agricultural output was partially the result of increased disease (hookworm) brought about by substandard living conditions suffered by the Southern population during the Civil War. Skeletal remains and mortality data, ubiquitous hookworm symptoms among the Southern population, and regression analysis support this hypothesis. The econometric results strongly suggest that emancipation and increased hookworm infection were responsible for the income decline while an increase in the percentage of sharecropping tenancy arrangements increased southern productivity.