The global business revolution, the cascade effect, and the challenge for firms from developing countries
研究了1980年代以来全球商业革命中工业集中和商业权力集中的现象，分析了航空航天、电信、汽车和饮料四个行业的供应链，发现核心系统集成商通过级联效应推动整个供应链的集中，对发展中国家企业追赶构成挑战。
The global business revolution since the 1980s has witnessed an unprecedented degree of industrial consolidation and concentration of business power at a global level. Firms with powerful, globally recognised technologies and/or brands constitute the 'systems integrators' at the apex of extended supply chains. This paper examines the supply chains in four different sectors: aerospace, telecommunications, automobiles and beverages. It finds that these sectors have striking similarities in the way in which the core systems integrators have stimulated industrial concentration across the whole supply chain. This 'cascade effect' has profound implications for firms from developing countries in catching up at the firm level.