Learning by Striking: Estimates of the Teetotaler Effect
假设过去的罢工经历会降低工会未来谈判中罢工的倾向，即“戒酒者效应”。基于美国制造业147个谈判单位连续四轮谈判的微观数据，控制可观测和不可观测差异后，发现滞后罢工经历显著降低当前罢工概率。
The authors hypothesize that past strike experience will have a negative or "teetotaler" effect on a collective bargaining unit's propensity to strike in future negotiations, other things being equal. They test this using a unique micro-level sample comprising four consecutive negotiations by 147 bargaining units in U.S. manufacturing industries, controlling for observable and unobservable differences among bargaining pairs in the propensity to strike. The results are consistent with the view that the experience of striking is, indeed, sobering: lagged strike experience variables have a significantly negative effect on the propensity to strike in the current negotiation. Copyright 1987 by University of Chicago Press.