Tariffs, Technology Transfer, and Welfare
在垄断竞争模型中比较了三种关税政策（出口技术转移关税、进口商品关税、出口商品关税）的福利效果，发现出口技术转移关税每单位收入带来的福利增益最大。
It is found that the welfare gain per unit of revenue raised is maximized for an export tariff on technology transfer, followed by an import tariff on goods, with an export tariff on goods the poorest policy alternative. These results are derived within a monopolistic competition model, where the production of any good requires some initial research and development (R&D), and technology transfer occurs when R&D is done in one country for production of goods in the other. An intuitive explanation is presented, based on the public-good nature of R&D and also the elasticity of demand for technologies from firms.