Trends and Projections in Income Replacement during Retirement
计算了过去25年美国所有劳动群体的退休收入替代率，分析了私人养老金、社会保障和资产贡献的变化，发现当前体系为大多数家庭（尤其是低收入家庭）提供了高替代率。
This article calculates retirement incomereplacement rates for all labor market cohorts across the last 25 years and describes the changing contributions made by private pensions, social security, and assets. The factors on which replacement rates are sensitive include position in the income distribution, the use of after-tax instead of pretax incomes, the changing family composition of households between their pre- and postretirement years, and differential underreporting of income by age. The debate about reforming the U.S. retirement income system starts from a base where the current system offers high income-replacement rates for most households, especially low-income households.