De-industrialisation and the balance of payments in advanced economies
定义去工业化为制造业就业占比的长期下降，分析其成因，并以英美为例考察去工业化与整体经济表现的关系，重点探讨英国非制造业领域如何弥补制造业贸易恶化对国际收支的影响。
This paper defines de-industrialisation as a secular decline in the share of manufacturing in national employment. De-industrialisation, in this sense, has been a widespread feature of economic growth in advanced economies in recent decades. The paper considers briefly what explains this development and quantifies some of the factors responsible. It then examines the experience of Britain and America, which are two countries that have combined rapid de-industrialisation with a strong overall economic performance. The paper considers both the domestic situation of manufacturing industry in these countries and its foreign trade performance. It concludes by examining in detail the British balance of payments, and documenting how improvements in the non-manufacturing sphere have helped offset a worsening performance in manufacturing trade. Copyright 2004, Oxford University Press.