The Feminization of Labor and the Time-Use Gender Gap in Rural China
利用1991-2006年中国健康与营养调查数据，研究经济发展对农村劳动女性化的影响，发现女性在农业和非农业部门的有酬和无酬劳动时间增加，迁移是关键因素，但时间利用的性别差距并未扩大。
Abstract This contribution investigates the impact of economic development on the feminization of labor in rural China between 1991 and 2006. Using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS; 1991–2006), this study estimates time use in three sectors (farm, off-farm, and domestic) and analyzes the contribution of four features of economic development to changes in time use. Women's share of paid and unpaid work has increased in both the farm and off-farm sectors, and migration is a critical determinant. Economic development is associated with a rise in absolute work time, although not an increase in the time-use gender gap. Measuring the feminization of labor with time use rather than labor force participation data may be relevant to feminist analyses in other regions and countries, since it enables a more nuanced evaluation of the impacts of economic development on changes in the well-being of women.