Employment and Unemployment Effects of Unions
利用1983年当前人口调查数据，估计工会力量对就业概率和劳动力参与的影响，发现工会力量会小幅但显著地降低就业并增加失业，影响主要集中在女性和年轻男性。
Despite an extensive literature examining the effects of unions on wages, little attention has been paid to the resultant aggregate employment consequences of this change in the relative cost of unionized labor. This article uses 1983 Current Population Survey data to estimate the effects of union strength on the probability of employment and labor-force participation. Union strength, which reflects both union coverage and the union wage differential, is found to decrease employment and increase unemployment by a small, but significant, amount. These effects are concentrated primarily among females and young males, while little impact is found on prime-age males. Copyright 1989 by University of Chicago Press.