The Impact of Coal Conversions on the Ports of New England
研究了新英格兰地区通过水路运输煤炭以满足电力需求的经济性，发现水路运输最具优势，并指出普罗维登斯和波士顿港口具有战略重要性。
Historically, waterborne movements of coal into the New England regions were very important. This paper presents the results of a systematic study of the transportation of coal into the region to satisfy the anticipated energy demands of the electric utilities. The results of this analysis indicate that waterborne movements of coal can once again predominate. Even with the added investments necessary for the construction of new coal handling equipment at the ports of New England and the costs associated with additional coal transfers, water modes tend to be the most economical. The ports of Providence and Boston appear to have some geographical strategic importance to this coal trade.-Authors