Productivity, Extent of Markets, and Manufacturing in the Late Antebellum South and Midwest
利用1850和1860年制造业企业样本，估算南方和中西部制造业的劳动生产率和全要素生产率，发现生产力快速增长，尤其南方，且生产力、企业规模与城市化正相关，区域差异取决于市场范围。
This article uses the Bateman-Weiss samples of manufacturing firms from 1850 and 1860 to estimate the labor and total factor productivity of southern and midwestern manufacturing industries in the late antebellum period. The results indicate rapid growth in productivity, especially in the South. The article also demonstrates a positive association between measured productivity, firm size, and urbanization. Differences in manufacturing performance between the South and the Midwest are shown to be crucially dependent on the extent of markets within the two regions.