Fleetwood on causal holism: clarification and critique
回应弗利特伍德对因果整体论的批判，指出批判实在论与因果整体论在不可观察实体、描述和解释三方面存在根本分歧，尽管两者都批评主流经济学，但方法论上不相容。
Fleetwood (2002, Cambridge Journal of Economics, vol. 26, no. 1, 27--45), provided a critical evaluation of causal holism (Boylan and O'Gorman, 1995, Ekonomia, vol. 1, no. 2, 9--21), from the perspective of critical realism. For Fleetwood there are three fundamental areas of disagreement, namely the differential approaches to unobservable entities, description, and explanation. In this paper the authors dispute Fleetwood's analysis of causal holism in all these areas. To contextualise and clarify their disagreements with Fleetwood, the authors examine the most significant differences between the two methodological frameworks. They argue that notwithstanding their shared criticism of mainstream economics, critical realism and causal holism remain methodologically incompatible. Copyright 2006, Oxford University Press.