From expectation to experience: Graduates entering a large corporation
该纵向研究追踪了石油公司新入职毕业生的期望与现实差距，发现新人对管理职责的期望过高，但随工作经历逐渐匹配；不同职能（商业与技术）毕业生的职业发展路径分化，商业毕业生早期成长更积极。
Abstract The paper reports a longitudinal study of new and recently recruited graduates to an oil company, to evaluate how initial expectations compared with experience, and how needs, interests and work activities changed over time post‐entry. Results showed that new entrants had unrealistic expectations, especially of having more managerial job content than they were assigned initially, but this increased with subsequent experience to reach expected levels. Socialization effects were evident, especially by job function, but not by gender. The work orientations and job experiences of commercial and technical graduates developed on divergent paths over time, suggesting more positive personal growth over their early careers for the commercial graduates.