Product Line Rivalry with Brand Differentiation
研究品牌和质量双重差异化下企业产品线竞争，发现无承诺时对称均衡与单产品企业利润相同，而产品创新存在囚徒困境；有承诺时企业根据品牌差异化程度选择专业化或全产品线。
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, B E R K E L E Y Department of Economics Berkeley, California 94720 Working Paper No. 89-103 Product Line Rivalry with Brand Differentiation Richard J. Gilbert and Carmen Matutes January 1989 Key words: product differentiation, entry, oligopoly Abstract Competition with product rivalry is examined in a model where products are differentiated by both quality and brand name. With no commitments, symmetric equilibria exist where firms produce all products and the mark-ups over marginal cost and profits are identical to the mark-ups and profits with single product firms. If product innovation is costly, there is a prisoners'dilemrna in product introduction. When firms can commit to restrict their product offerings, firms will specialize in different products if the degree of brand-specific differentiation is small, but will produce all products if the degree of brand-specific differentiation is sufficiently large.