Spatial Dynamics and Heterogeneity in the Cyclicality of Real Wages
利用收入动态面板数据，研究实际工资如何响应本地和总体失业率，发现响应存在滞后，且教育回报、种族、工会等群体存在显著异质性。
Neither the issue of how local and aggregate labor markets interact over time-nor the issue of how heterogeneity by education, race, and other factors interacts with these spatial dynamics-has previously been explored in the literature on the cyclicality of real wages. This study investigates how real wages respond to local and aggregate unemployment rates over time, and explores possible heterogeneities in the responses. Results, based upon data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, indicate that real wages move procyclically with both aggregate and local markets, but that the response to local changes occurs with a lag; that rates of return to education are procyclical overall for aggregate labor markets, but tend to be countercyclical for blacks; and that wages of union, manufacturing, blue-collar, and black workers tend to be less procyclical, even countercyclical for black college graduates. Overall, we find substantial spatial dynamics and heterogeneity in the cyclicality of real wages. © 1999 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology