Defensive Technology and Welfare Analysis of Environmental Quality Change with Uncertain Consumer Health Impacts
提出一种利用防御性支出市场行为衡量环境质量变化事后福利影响的方法，并识别防御技术能为福利估计提供边界的条件，对评估污染健康风险与补偿问题有用。
Abstract Measuring the ex post losses from environmental quality change is an important issue when environmental contamination creates health risks, liability is assigned, and private compensation efforts are required. This paper proposes a methodology for measuring the ex post welfare impact of environmental quality change using market behavior from defensive expenditures. Conditions under which a defensive technology can provide a bound on welfare estimates are identified.