The measurement of TQM principles and work-related outcomes
基于Dean和Bowen的研究，本文提出了测量全面质量管理三大原则（客户导向、持续改进、团队合作）融入组织文化的工具，并通过对2249名员工的调查发现，这些原则的实施与更积极的工作结果相关。
Building on the work of Dean and Bowen (1994), this paper proposes measures of the extent to which three TQM principles (i.e. customer focus, continuous improvement, and teamwork) have become an integral part of an organization's culture. The measures are also used to examine the relationship between the implementation of TQM principles and work-related outcomes, to include job satisfaction, communication, and perceptions of the work environment. Results derived from a survey of 2249 employees of a large midwestern organization indicated that reasonably reliable and distinct measures were developed and that the adoption of TQM principles was associated with more favorable work-related outcomes. Further research to verify the psychometric properties of these measures and to determine whether TQM principles impact on ‘harder’ measures of organizational performance is recommended. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.