WHICH FIRMS EXPAND TO THE MIDDLE EAST: THE EXPERIENCE OF U.S. MULTINATIONALS
研究了在中东这一投资环境不利地区拥有业务的美国跨国公司特征，发现这些公司研发强度和销售额显著更高，并区分了在以色列与其他中东国家的子公司差异。
We examine the characteristics of U.S. multinationals that control operations in the Middle East, a geographic region in which the foreign investment climate has been unfavorable. By comparing U.S. multinationals in the Middle East to a random sample of U.S. multinationals absent from the region, we find that the former have significantly greater R&D intensity and sales than the latter. Dividing multinationals with a presence in the Middle East between those in Israel and those in other countries, we find that the former are more R&D intensive, have a greater proportion of overseas sales, but are smaller in terms of total sales. We discuss the strategic implications of these findings and highlight avenues for future research. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.