Support, Undermining, and Newcomer Socialization: Fitting in During the First 90 Days
通过对264名新员工进行14波纵向研究，发现入职前90天内同事和主管的支持逐渐下降，早期支持与破坏对90天后工作结果的影响比变化趋势更显著，且主管破坏与离职风险增加相关。
While much organizational socialization occurs through interpersonal interactions, evidence regarding how these processes unfold over time has not been forthcoming. Results from a 14-wave longitudinal study with a sample of 264 organizational newcomers show that support of newcomers from coworkers and supervisors declines within the first 90 days of employment. Early support and undermining had more significant relationships with work outcomes assessed after 90 days of employment than did increases or decreases in support and undermining over that time period, suggesting early support and undermining may lay a foundation for later work outcomes. Proactive behavior partially mediated the relationship between support and more distal work outcomes, including withdrawal behaviors. Supervisor undermining was uniquely associated with higher turnover (exit) hazard.