Differential Use of Medical Care by Sex
女性平均医疗支出比男性高约50%，但住院男性住院时间比女性长50%。本研究检验了多个假说，发现差异源于男性更能用家庭护理替代市场医疗，且男性更易患医疗无效的疾病。
Women spend about 50 percent more on average on medical care than men, although men who are hospitalized stay 50 percent longer than women. This study empirically tests several hypotheses that may account for these differences. Results show that these differences are explained by the fact that men may be more able to substitute home for market medical care. Men may also have a lower return to the prior use of medical care because men are more likely to suffer from causes against which medical care is not effective. Potential differences in the value of time do not account for the differences in utilization of medical care.