Forest certification and changing global commodity chains
考察马来西亚、印尼、澳大利亚和新西兰四个资源边缘地区森林认证实践的出现，认为认证是生产消费关系新体制的一部分，代表价值创造和竞争的新基础。
In recent years increased interest in sustainable forest management initiatives has encouraged the development of market-based certification schemes, each with a different political economy. This paper examines the emergence of certification practices within four resource periphery contexts (Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia and New Zealand). Seen from the context of resource peripheries, certification is part of an emerging regime of production–consumption relationships, where political barriers to trade, production and investment are complemented by technical practices purportedly designed to codify wood and fibre quality. This paper argues that forest certification and ensuring standards represent a new basis of value creation and competition.