The Social Multiplier and Labor Market Participation of Mothers
研究发现法国母亲的劳动参与不仅受自己孩子性别构成影响，还受同社区其他母亲孩子性别构成的影响，并利用邻居孩子性别构成作为工具变量识别出显著的社会乘数效应。
In France, as in the US, a mother's labor market participation is influenced by the sex composition of her two eldest siblings. This paper shows that it is also affected by the sex composition of the eldest siblings of the other mothers living in the same close neighborhood. Using the sex composition of neighbors' eldest siblings as an instrumental variable, we identify a significant elasticity of own labor market participation to neighbors' participation. We present supportive evidence by comparing the estimates under two regimes for family benefits (pre- and post-1994 reform) and using quarter of birth as an alternative instrument.