Trade liberalization and the dimensions of efficiency change in Mexican manufacturing industries
分析墨西哥贸易自由化对制造业效率的影响，发现可贸易品行业平均成本下降，进口品行业源于相对生产率提升，出口品行业得益于进口中间品降价带来的相对价格变化，规模经济效应微弱且与外国竞争无关。
Did Mexico's recent trade liberalization generate productivity gains? We find that average costs fell in most industries, with tradeable goods producers registering the largest reductions. Among importables, these cost reductions trace partly to improvements in relative productivity. Among exportables, they are due to favorable changes in relative prices, probably because imported intermediate goods became cheaper. Gains due to scale economy exploitation were minor and were not correlated with increases in foreign competition. Hence the results cast some doubt on simulation studies of trade liberalization that stress scale effects as a major source of efficiency gain.