Infant Mortality and Living Standards of English Workers During the Industrial Revolution
利用英格兰北部九个教区的婴儿死亡率数据，研究19世纪早期工人生活水平，发现婴儿死亡率上升表明直到19世纪中期生活水平并未显著改善。
Infant mortality data gathered from the registers of nine parishes in the industrial North of England are used as a concrete indicator of living standards for the early nineteenth century. Rising infant mortality in the sample parishes provides evidence that the standard of living was not improving substantially in these towns up to midcentury. This conclusion remains after considering the effect on mortality of population growth, climate, and feeding practices.