Professional autonomy as a basis of conflict in an organization
研究了政府和企业削减开支导致专业人员自主性受限时，他们如何应对，包括可疑做法、简化决策规则、举报、改良主义和退缩，并建议管理层通过行为准则来协调效率与专业诚信。
Abstract Needed cutbacks in government and industry can lead to a situation where professionals have to operate where their autonomy is limited. How do they cope? Responses may include: “dubious” practice, the development and use of “simplified decision‐rules,” “whistle‐blowing,” reformism, and retreatism. Management can institutionalize a code‐of‐action that draws on the positive responses of the reformers and “decision simplifiers” and in this way better accommodate the need for both efficiency and professional integrity.