How (Un)Even was the Distribution of the Impacts of Mali's Water Privatisation across Stakeholders?
定量评估马里短暂水务私有化对用户、供应商、投资者、工人和纳税人等各方的福利影响，发现贫困农村用户获益极少而纳税人受损，外国投资者和工人获益远超本地人。
Abstract This article evaluates quantitatively the welfare effects and their distribution among key stakeholders of Mali's brief water privatisation experience. To do so, we estimate economic worth generation and its drivers from a new use of indicator duality and production theory. We find that: (i) most users, intermediate suppliers, investors and workers benefited; (ii) poor rural users gained much less and taxpayers lost, moreover, (iii) foreign workers and investors benefited much more than locals, (iv) the firm's owners captured a large share of the rent they helped create, probably through transfer pricing as they controlled cost data for key intermediate inputs.