Crossing national boundaries: A typology of qualified immigrants' career orientations
通过对加拿大、西班牙和法国45名高技能移民的质性研究，识别出六种主观应对客观障碍的主题，并区分出拥抱型、适应型和抗拒型三种职业取向，为理解自我发起国际职业转型中的心理与物理流动提供更细致的视角。
Abstract This qualitative study examines objective–subjective career interdependencies within a sample of 45 qualified immigrants (QIs) in Canada, Spain and France. The particular challenges in this type of self‐initiated international careers arise from the power of institutions and local gatekeepers, the lack of recognition for QIs' foreign career capital, and the need for proactivity. Resulting from primary data analysis, we identify six major themes in QIs' subjective interpretations of objective barriers: Maintaining motivation, managing identity, developing new credentials, developing local know‐how, building a new social network and evaluating career success. Secondary data analysis distinguishes three QI career orientations—embracing, adaptive and resisting orientations—with each portraying distinct patterns of motivation, identity and coping. This study extends the boundaryless career perspective by providing a more fine‐grained understanding of how qualified migrants manage both physical and psychological mobility during self‐initiated international career transitions. With regards to the interdependence between objective and subjective career aspects, it illustrates the importance of avoiding preference to one side at the neglect of the other, or treating the two sides as independent of one another. Practical implications are proposed for career management efforts and receiving economies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.