The Necessity for Substitute Prices Recreation Demand Analyses
通过美国陆军工程兵团水库的60,000名日间用户数据，证明在旅行成本模型中忽略替代价格会导致消费者剩余估计显著偏高，并讨论了理论和实践意义。
Omitting substitute prices from a travel cost model is shown to cause a significant bias in consumer surplus estimates. Three sets of travel cost models are developed from a common data base representing 60,000 day‐users of U.S. Army Corps of Engineer reservoirs in Kansas and Missouri. The firct set of models omitted substitute prices; the latter two sets included them. An analysis of variance test showed that consumer surplus estimates from the first set of models were significantly higher than the other two ( F = 26.2 with 2, 20 degrees of freedom). The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.