Agricultural restructuring in central and eastern Europe: implications for competitiveness and rural development
分析了中东欧国家农业的双重生产结构，指出大型企业农场不稳定，而新兴的中小型家庭农场具有潜力，是未来发展的可行方向。
This paper considers whether the dual production structure now in place in central and eastern European countries (CEECs) is efficient and stable in the medium term. The large, recently emerged corporate and co-operative farm structures may not be stable because of conflicts inherent in co-operative production under current ownership structures. Such units use high levels of capital and purchased inputs, and relative price changes for production factors may threaten their survival without subsidies. The few large individual private operators that have emerged may soon face restructuring problems, as they have been relying on cheap capital at prices that do not reflect current replacement costs. New, younger, relatively small-scale farmers appear to have major and as yet unexploited production potential. Although representing only a small share of the many family farms, they are nevertheless numerous enough to create a viable 'middle class' of commercially oriented, private farmers. Although this group currently faces severe technological and financial constraints, the emergence of medium-sized, individually owned and operated farm units is the most viable option for the future in CEECs. Copyright 1999 by Oxford University Press.