Wells, Water, and Welfare: The Impact of Access to Groundwater on Rural Poverty and Conflict
利用印度农村数据，研究发现地下水位深度超过8米时，农村贫困率高出9%至10%，且灌溉用水纠纷增加25%。
This paper evaluates the impact of access to groundwater on poverty using data from rural India. The estimation exploits the fact that the technology required to access groundwater changes exogenously due to constraints imposed by laws of physics at a depth of eight meters. I find that rural poverty in areas where depth from surface is below the cutoff is 9 to10 percent higher. Using survey data for a subsample of villages, I also show that disputes over irrigation water increase by 25 percent around the cutoff. Historical endowments of groundwater facilitate adoption of yield enhancing technologies over the long-run.