The conditions of collective action for local commons management: the case of irrigation in the Philippines
基于菲律宾灌溉协会的横截面调查数据，用回归分析识别了影响农民组织集体行动维护灌溉系统成败的因素，发现水资源丰歉、协会规模、人口密度等条件会阻碍集体行动，但国家机构的支持可克服这些困难。
Abstract We examine factors affecting the success and failure of collective action toward the management of local commons. Using cross‐section survey data on the activities of irrigators' associations in the Philippines, regression analysis is conducted to identify factors underlying the success and failure in farmers' organizing collective action for the maintenance and operation of irrigation systems. We find that collective action is difficult to organize where (a) water supply is uniformly abundant; (b) water supply is greatly different between upper and lower streams in lateral; (c) the size of the association is large; (d) population density is low; (e) the share of nonfarm households is high; and (f) the history of irrigated farming is short. Our findings suggest that these difficulties can be overcome with adequate supports of state agencies to promote community‐level cooperation.