THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CROSS‐COMPLIANCE ON ARABLE FARMING
研究了环境交叉合规政策对英格兰西北部15个耕地农场的影响，发现多数农场会遵守环保限制，但会导致总利润下降最多10%，种子作物面积和产量分别减少约22%和12%。
It is argued that the ongoing CAP/GATT reforms provide a basis for the introduction of environmental cross‐compliance (ECC). ECC enables policymakers to restrict output‐related direct support payments to those farmers who comply with specified environmental guidelines aimed at reducing the external damage effects of agricultural production. This paper is an exploratory investigation of ECC and presents the results of a farm‐level linear programming analysis of 15 North‐West England arable farms. The environmental guidelines, which relate to permanent as opposed to rotational set‐aside and to levels of fertiliser use, are widely applicable to the extent that ECC can be implemented as a voluntary policy system. They are clearly effective in achieving policy goals since all but one of the farmers investigated would comply with the full range of restrictions considered. Within this range, gross margins are reduced by up to 10 per cent while area and output of seed crops are reduced by around 22 per cent and 12 per cent respectively. Row crops area and output are more robust, each falling by just under 4 per cent.